How to Apply for a Social Security Number (SSN) as an International Student in the U.S.

If you’ve recently landed in the U.S. as an international student and you’re planning to work, maybe an on-campus job, a paid internship, or an off-campus OPT/CPT, you’ve probably heard people mention a Social Security Number, or SSN.

At first, it might sound a bit intimidating (especially if you’ve never had anything like it before), but don’t worry, we’re breaking it all down in this guide.

What is a Social Security Number (SSN), and why do you need it?

A Social Security Number is a nine-digit number used to track your earnings and taxes in the U.S. A SSN is required to work legally in the U.S. You will also need to apply for a SSN if you plan on getting a driver’s license or state ID. If you aren’t eligible for a SSN, you can request a Form SSA-L676 which states that you are ineligible to receive a SSN. A Form SSA-L676 can be used to apply for a driver’s license. 

→ Read This Before Driving in the US

Who is eligible to apply?

To get a SSN as an international student, you must:

• Hold an F-1 or J-1 visa
• Have an offer of employment (on-campus job, CPT, or OPT)
• Be authorized to work under the terms of your visa

If you’re not planning to work, but a bank or landlord is asking for your SSN, don’t stress. You can usually explain your situation or use a workaround like an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number). 

Step-by-Step: How to Apply for Your SSN

Here’s what you need to do:

1. Get a Job Offer Letter

You need written proof of employment. If it’s an on-campus job, your university’s hiring department or international office can help draft this.

The letter should include:

• Your job title
• Employer name and address
• Employment start date
• Number of hours per week
• Supervisor’s name and contact info

2. Visit Your International Student Office

They will give you a letter confirming your visa status and employment eligibility. You might need to fill out a request form, so check with them first. Please check with your international office to ensure your SEVIS status is “Active” before going to get a SSN. Most offices will communicate with you about this timeline upfront. Offices generally wait until you have completed orientation before marking you as “Active,” so be sure to complete your orientation before checking your status. 

→ Go to Your Homebase Courses to Complete Orientation

3. Gather Your Documents

Make sure you have:

• Your passport
• F-1 or J-1 visa
• I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record) – You can print it here
• I-20 (for F-1) or DS-2019 (for J-1)
• Job offer letter
• Letter from your school

Pro tip: Make photocopies of everything before you go!

4. Go to the Social Security Office

Find your nearest Social Security Administration (SSA) office here. You’ll need to apply in person.

Bring all your documents and your patience. Wait times can be long, so try to go early in the day.

5. Fill Out Form SS-5

This is the official application form for a Social Security Card. You can complete it at the office or download it here ahead of time.

How long does it take to get your SSN?

Once you’ve applied, it usually takes about 2 to 4 weeks to receive your Social Security Card in the mail. You can’t start working until you’ve applied—but some employers might let you begin training while you wait for the card.

Tips and Things to Know

• You only need one SSN, for life. Don’t apply again if you lose it; request a replacement instead.
• Don’t carry your SSN card with you. Keep it safe at home to avoid identity theft.
• Don’t share your SSN unless absolutely necessary. (Never post it online!)
• Ask for help. Your international student office has helped tons of students through this process. Don’t be shy.

Final Thoughts

Applying for your SSN might seem like just another task on your long to-do list, but it’s a key step if you plan to work in the U.S. Take it one step at a time and ask for help when you need it.