How to Apply for a Social Security Number (SSN) as an International Student in the U.S.
If you’ve recently landed in the U.S. as an international student and you’re planning to work, maybe an on-campus job, a paid internship, or an off-campus OPT/CPT, you’ve probably heard people mention a Social Security Number, or SSN.
At first, it might sound a bit intimidating (especially if you’ve never had anything like it before), but don’t worry, we’re breaking it all down in this guide.
What is a Social Security Number (SSN), and why do you need it?
A Social Security Number is a 9-digit number from the U.S. government that’s mainly used to record your earnings and taxes in the United States. As an international student or scholar, you only need one if you’re going to work in the U.S. (including on-campus jobs), or sometimes when receiving a scholarship. You can only apply for it after you have a job offer or have received work authorization from the U.S. government.
Remember – you should always check with your international office prior to engaging in any work in the U.S. if you’re unsure about the rules of your visa.
Who is eligible to apply?
To get a SSN as an international student, you must:
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- Hold an F-1 or J-1 visa
- Have an offer of employment (through an on-campus job, Academic Training, CPT, or OPT)
- Be authorized to work under the terms of your visa
- Confirm your work eligibility with your university’s international office
If you’re not planning to work, but a bank or landlord is asking for your SSN, don’t stress. You can usually explain your situation or use a workaround like an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number).
Be SCAM aware
Your SSN is a key piece of personal information, and scammers know it. Never share it by phone, email, or text unless you are 100% sure who you are speaking with and why they need it. U.S. government agencies will never call, email, or text you to demand your SSN, money, or threaten arrest. If someone contacts you unexpectedly asking for your SSN or other personal details, hang up or delete the message.
Only share your SSN for legitimate, official purposes such as payroll, banking, tax forms, or certain credit applications. If you don’t have an SSN yet, most companies can use other forms of identification like your passport, I-20/DS-2019, or school ID. Your school’s international student office can guide you on how to apply for an SSN and answer any questions about safe use.
Remember: once your SSN is stolen, it can be used for identity theft—so guard it like a password
Important Tips
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- Keep your SSN safe—only share it for official purposes like payroll, banking, or taxes. If you don’t have one yet, most services can accept other forms of ID. Your school’s international office can walk you through how to apply.
- You only need one SSN, for life. Don’t apply again if you lose it; request a replacement instead.
- Don’t carry your SSN card with you. Keep it safe at home to avoid identity theft.
- Ask for help. Your international student office has helped tons of students through this process and are there to help.
